Brazil’s Observatório Nacional (National Observatory, ON/MCTI) is a national research institute founded in 1827, preserving the country’s scientific-observation heritage while working in astronomy and astrophysics, geophysics, and time-and-frequency metrology. Its São Cristóvão campus and science-popularization programmes connect the public with Brazilian astronomy and Earth science; the institution also carries the legacy of Albert Einstein’s 1925 visit and the development of national scientific infrastructure. The ON does not offer a regular walk-in visitation programme: visits may be arranged with its science-communication division when availability permits. The adjoining Museu de Astronomia e Ciências Afins (MAST) has its own public museum and observing programme and is a separate destination. Confirm current access and accessibility arrangements with the operator before travel. Visitor location: 77 Rua General José Cristino, São Cristóvão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20921-400, Brazil.