Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics

Tsiolkovsky State Museum of the History of Cosmonautics in Kaluga is the world’s first and Russia’s largest space-themed museum, opened in 1967 with the participation of Sergei Korolev and Yuri Gagarin. Its historic building and 12,500-square-metre Second Phase trace aeronautics, aviation, rocketry and space technology from Konstantin Tsiolkovsky’s ideas through Sputnik and long-duration orbital stations. More than 75,000 holdings include rocket engines, full-scale Luna, Venera and Mars station models, a Mir base-block model and the authentic Soyuz-34 descent module. A planetarium, observatory, guided tours, education and interactive programmes extend the visit. The operator’s accessibility guidance documents ramps, lifts and a platform, accessible toilets, loan wheelchairs, guide-dog access and adapted tours; request assistance ahead because routes and buildings have different access conditions. Check the operator calendar, tickets, temporary exhibits and sanitary closures before travel. Visitor address: 2 Akademika Korolyova Street, Kaluga 248000, Russia.