Austromir 91

Austromir 91 was Austria's first human-spaceflight mission and a short-duration research visit to the Mir space station. Franz Viehböck launched from Baikonur on Soyuz TM-13 on October 2, 1991 with commander Aleksandr Volkov and Kazakh research cosmonaut Toktar Aubakirov, docked with Mir on October 4, and worked aboard the station with the resident crew. The Austrian science program included medical, physics, materials, technology, and spaceflight-support experiments, while Aubakirov supported Kazakhstan-focused research in space medicine, biotechnology, materials science, and Earth remote sensing. Viehböck and Aubakirov returned to Earth on Soyuz TM-12 with Anatoly Artsebarsky on October 10, 1991, completing a flight that ESA, FFG, and Austromir records treat as a major early international Mir mission.