Expedition 45 was a 2015 International Space Station increment commanded by NASA astronaut Scott Kelly during the Kelly-Kornienko one-year mission. The crew released Japan's Kounotori 5 cargo craft, supported Progress and Cygnus resupply operations, conducted U.S. spacewalks for station upgrades and cooling-system work, and continued long-duration research in human physiology, biology, materials, and space-environment monitoring.