Expedition 60

Expedition 60 was an International Space Station increment commanded by Roscosmos cosmonaut Alexey Ovchinin. It began on June 24, 2019, when Soyuz MS-11 undocked at the end of Expedition 59, leaving Ovchinin, NASA astronauts Christina Koch and Nick Hague, and the station to bridge the handover until the next crew arrived. Soyuz MS-13 docked on July 20 with Alexander Skvortsov, Luca Parmitano, and Andrew Morgan, bringing the official NASA Expedition 60 crew to six. The increment supported station operations, cargo traffic, spacecraft relocation work, and research that NASA highlighted around 3D bioprinting, bio-mining, fuel efficiency, flood-control methods, and pharmaceutical production. It also included the August 21 spacewalk by Hague and Morgan to install International Docking Adapter-3, adding a second commercial crew docking port to the station. Expedition 60 ended on October 3, 2019, when Soyuz MS-12 undocked and command passed to Parmitano for Expedition 61.