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Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory

GRAIL (Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory) was a completed NASA Discovery Program mission launched on 10 September 2011. Twin spacecraft Ebb and Flow flew in tandem around the Moon, measuring changes in their separation to produce the highest-resolution gravity map of a celestial body and reveal the Moon’s internal structure, composition, evolution, and impact-generated mascons. Both spacecraft intentionally impacted the Moon on 17 December 2012 after their primary and extended science missions.

Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
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Identity

Aliases
GRAILGravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory MissionEbb and Flow
Name
Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory
Status
completed

Details

Astronauts
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Description
GRAIL (Gravity Recovery And Interior Laboratory) was a completed NASA Discovery Program mission launched on 10 September 2011. Twin spacecraft Ebb and Flow flew in tandem around the Moon, measuring changes in their separation to produce the highest-resolution gravity map of a celestial body and reveal the Moon’s internal structure, composition, evolution, and impact-generated mascons. Both spacecraft intentionally impacted the Moon on 17 December 2012 after their primary and extended science missions.
Destination
Twin lunar orbits for high-resolution gravity-field mapping of the Moon, followed by deliberate impacts
End Date
2012-12-17
Outcome
Both Ebb and Flow intentionally impacted the Moon on 17 December 2012 after completing primary and extended science operations.
Programs
Start Date
2011-09-10
Vehicle Families
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Creation Time
August 14, 2026 at 14:05:58 UTC
Updated Time
August 23, 2026 at 06:35:35 UTC

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