Soyuz 40 was the Romanian Intercosmos visiting mission to Salyut 6. Leonid Popov commanded the Soyuz 7K-T spacecraft with Dumitru Dorin Prunariu as research cosmonaut, launching from Baikonur Site 1/5 on May 14, 1981 and docking with Salyut 6 the following day. During the station visit, the crew worked with the resident expedition on scientific and technical experiments, including Earth observation opportunities over Romania, biomedical studies, and investigations of the space environment. The spacecraft landed southeast of Dzheskasgan on May 22 after 124 orbits.