Venera 7

Venera 7 was a Soviet space probe that became the first spacecraft to successfully land on another planet and transmit data back to Earth. Launched on August 17, 1970, it reached Venus on December 15, 1970. The lander was designed to withstand the extreme pressure and temperature of the Venusian atmosphere, which it successfully navigated before touching down on the surface. Although the probe's parachute failed shortly before landing, it survived the impact and transmitted temperature data for 23 minutes from the surface. These first-ever measurements from the surface of Venus provided critical data about the planet's hostile environment, confirming surface temperatures of approximately 475 degrees Celsius and pressures 90 times that of Earth.