Royal Netherlands Aerospace Centre (NLR) is an independent Dutch applied-research organization with roots in the 1919 Rijks-Studiedienst voor de Luchtvaart and current legal name Stichting Koninklijk Nederlands Lucht- en Ruimtevaartcentrum. NLR connects science, industry, government, and defense through aerospace research, development, test and evaluation across aircraft, drones, space systems, propulsion, materials, safety, autonomy, air-traffic operations, satellite navigation, space situational awareness, sustainability, and research infrastructure.