The von Karman Institute for Fluid Dynamics (VKI) is a Belgian nonprofit international research and education institute founded in 1956. Its aeronautics and aerospace department, alongside turbomachinery and propulsion and environmental fluid-dynamics departments, combines advanced experimental, computational, and theoretical research with postgraduate and professional training. VKI works with industry, governments, ESA, NASA, and other international partners on aerodynamics, propulsion, space technology, fluid engineering, and measurement science.