The Cognitive Communications project develops and infuses cognitive communications technology across NASA space and ground networks. Its research spans cognitive links, networks, and system management: adaptive coding and modulation, spectrum-aware link optimization, disruption-tolerant routing, machine-to-machine service scheduling, and predictive failure detection. Cognitive capabilities were demonstrated on SCaN Testbed from 2015 to 2019, and current prototypes target Earth-orbiting spacecraft and lunar operations.