NASA's Great Observatories program brought together Hubble, the Compton Gamma Ray Observatory, Chandra, and Spitzer as complementary space-based astronomy observatories across the electromagnetic spectrum. Their different observing capabilities allowed astronomers to study celestial objects beyond what a single telescope could reveal. The portfolio's missions had separate lifecycles: Compton was deorbited in June 2000 and Spitzer's mission ended in January 2020, rather than all four observatories concluding together.