NASA’s Hyper-X was a managed hypersonic research program conducted jointly by Langley and Dryden. Beginning with design and wind-tunnel work in 1996, it built three uncrewed X-43A articles to test airframe-integrated scramjet propulsion. After the unsuccessful 2001 attempt, two 2004 flights demonstrated powered air-breathing flight at Mach 6.8 and Mach 9.6.