ESA’s Rapid Apophis Mission for Space Safety (RAMSES) is a planned planetary-defence mission to rendezvous with near-Earth asteroid Apophis before its exceptionally close Earth flyby in April 2029. ESA leads the mission under its Space Safety Programme, while JAXA contributes solar-array and thermal-infrared hardware and the H3 launch, enabling joint characterization of Apophis and its response to planetary tides.