The European Space Agency’s Rosetta Programme was the first mission to orbit a comet’s nucleus and land a probe on its surface. Approved in 1993 as an ESA Horizon 2000 Planetary Cornerstone Mission, Rosetta launched in 2004, rendezvoused with comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko in 2014, deployed Philae, and ended with a controlled comet landing in 2016, with NASA and JPL contributions to instruments and the U.S. mission element.