JAXA’s predecessor ISAS operated the Sakigake Program, Japan’s first interplanetary test mission, launched on 8 January 1985 to develop deep-space navigation, communications, attitude control, and solar-orbit operations. Sakigake observed the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field, contributed to the international Halley’s-comet campaign, and continued plasma-wave observations until operations ended on 7 January 1999.