12KRB cryogenic upper stage
12KRB was Khrunichev's KVD-1-powered LOX/LH2 cryogenic third stage, identified in ISRO's GSLV-D1 documentation as the C12 stage. ISRO reports 720 s burn time, 73.5 kN maximum vacuum thrust, and 4510 N·s/kg specific impulse, represented here as 459.9 s using standard gravity. This retired integrated propulsion record describes the stage supplied for the original GSLV configuration, not the GSLV vehicle.
Identity
- Aliases
- Russian-supplied cryogenic upper stageC12 Russian cryogenic stage
- Domains
- spaceflight
- Identity Level
- integrated-system
- Kind
- integrated-propulsion-system
- Name
- 12KRB cryogenic upper stage
- Status
- retired
Details
- Description
- 12KRB was Khrunichev's KVD-1-powered LOX/LH2 cryogenic third stage, identified in ISRO's GSLV-D1 documentation as the C12 stage. ISRO reports 720 s burn time, 73.5 kN maximum vacuum thrust, and 4510 N·s/kg specific impulse, represented here as 459.9 s using standard gravity. This retired integrated propulsion record describes the stage supplied for the original GSLV configuration, not the GSLV vehicle.
- Developers
- First Flight Date
- 2001-04-18
- Length M
- 8.7
- Manufacturers
- Propellants
- liquid hydrogenliquid oxygen
- Retirement Date
- 2010-12-25
- Rocket Specs
- Burn Time S
- 720
- Restartable
- Yes
- Vacuum Specific Impulse S
- 459.9
- Vacuum Thrust Kn
- 73.5
Links
Assets & Meta
- Creation Time
- July 29, 2026 at 11:28:54 UTC
- Updated Time
- August 23, 2026 at 01:50:40 UTC
Other
- Diameter M
- 2.9
- Sources
- Accessed Date
- 2026-08-21
- Note
- Khrunichev's institutional history supports the KVD-1-powered cryogenic upper-stage identity represented by 12KRB/C12.
- Publisher
- Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center
- Title
- Khrunichev State Research and Production Space Center: 90 Years
- Accessed Date
- 2026-08-21
- Note
- NASA's technical report provides independent cryogenic upper-stage system context for the Russian-supplied stage record.
- Publisher
- NASA Technical Reports Server
- Title
- Cryogenic Upper Stage System Safety
- Accessed Date
- 2026-08-21
- Note
- ISRO identifies GSLV-D1's third stage as the restartable C12 cryogenic stage and reports 720 s burn time, 73.5 kN maximum vacuum thrust, and 4510 N·s/kg specific impulse; the latter is represented as 459.9 s using standard gravity.
- Publisher
- Indian Space Research Organisation
- Title
- GSLV-D1 / GSAT-1