Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology

Indian Institute of Space Science and Technology is a deemed university and autonomous institution under India’s Department of Space. Its qualifying programmes span aerospace engineering, avionics, astronomy and astrophysics, and doctoral research in aerospace, avionics, and earth and space sciences. Its space-instrument research includes ARIS, an electrostatic plasma instrument using ion and electron retarding-potential analyzers to investigate the ionosphere. In August 2025, IIST signed an agreement with the U R Rao Satellite Centre to develop the Retarding Potential Analyzer for Venus (RPA-V), intended to study the Venusian ionosphere.