Dnepr Launch Vehicle

Dnepr was a three-stage expendable orbital launch vehicle converted from decommissioned R-36M/SS-18 intercontinental ballistic missiles by a Russian-Ukrainian program. Its first two stages were retained without modification, while the missile's deployment bus became a controlled third stage for accurate satellite release. Dnepr launched from underground silos at Baikonur and Yasny/Dombarovsky.