The Dornier Do 31 was a German military transport designed to carry troops and equipment into small or damaged forward areas while taking off and landing vertically. Its unusual architecture paired two swivelling lift/cruise engines under the wing with eight additional lift engines in wingtip nacelles. Only two prototypes were built and tested in the late 1960s, but the aircraft remains a landmark in VTOL transport engineering because it was the only jet-powered VTOL transport aircraft ever built.
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