Explorer 20 Topsi Ionosphere Explorer-A Spacecraft Family
Explorer 20, nicknamed Topsi, was a NASA ionosphere research satellite launched August 25, 1964. Its direct-measurement and radio-plasma experiments characterized ion and electron density, temperature, and plasma resonances in the topside ionosphere for space-weather and communications research.
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Identity
- Aliases
- Explorer 20Explorer XXTopsiIonosphere Explorer-AExplorer 20 spacecraft
- Family Name
- Explorer 20
- Full Name
- Explorer 20 Topsi Ionosphere Explorer-A Spacecraft Family
- Roles
- orbiterobservatoryresearch
- Status
- retired
- Type
- spacecraft
Details
- Description
- Explorer 20, nicknamed Topsi, was a NASA ionosphere research satellite launched August 25, 1964. Its direct-measurement and radio-plasma experiments characterized ion and electron density, temperature, and plasma resonances in the topside ionosphere for space-weather and communications research.
- First Flight Year
- 1,964
- Last Flight Year
- 1,966
Links
- Official Url
- https://ntrs.nasa.gov/citations/19640019687
Assets & Meta
- Creation Time
- August 14, 2026 at 07:26:22 UTC
- Updated Time
- August 14, 2026 at 07:26:22 UTC