The Heinkel He 111 was a German twin-engine aircraft family that began as a fast civil transport design and evolved into one of the Luftwaffe's principal medium aircraft of the Second World War. First flown on 24 February 1935, it combined an all-metal low-wing structure, retractable landing gear, and progressively redesigned fuselages across transport, bomber, reconnaissance, and later Spanish-built derivatives. Its history captures the close relationship between interwar commercial aviation and military aircraft development.
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