Juno I was the four-stage satellite-launch adaptation of Jupiter-C developed by the Army Ballistic Missile Agency with Jet Propulsion Laboratory upper stages. It added a live single Sergeant-derived fourth stage to the three-stage reentry-test vehicle. Six orbital attempts in 1958 launched Explorers 1 through 5 and Beacon 1; three succeeded, including Explorer 1, the first U.S. satellite.