Molniya launch vehicle family
Molniya was a four-stage launch-vehicle family derived from the R-7, adding a restartable upper stage for highly elliptical and interplanetary trajectories. Molniya and the improved Molniya-M launched Soviet communications, early-warning, lunar, Venus, and Mars spacecraft from 1960 until the family retired in 2010.
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Identity
- Aliases
- Molniya rocket8K78
- Family Name
- Molniya
- Full Name
- Molniya launch vehicle family
- Status
- retired
- Type
- rocket
Details
- Description
- Molniya was a four-stage launch-vehicle family derived from the R-7, adding a restartable upper stage for highly elliptical and interplanetary trajectories. Molniya and the improved Molniya-M launched Soviet communications, early-warning, lunar, Venus, and Mars spacecraft from 1960 until the family retired in 2010.
- First Flight Year
- 1,960
- Last Flight Year
- 2,010
- Operator
- Parent Vehicle Family
- Rocket Specs
- Reusability
- expendable
Links
- Wikipedia Url
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya_(rocket)
Assets & Meta
- Creation Time
- April 26, 2026 at 15:54:05 UTC
- Updated Time
- July 19, 2026 at 12:10:47 UTC
- Image
- Download
Other
- Search Name
- Molniya launch vehicle family Molniya rocket 8K78