Molniya-M launch vehicle
Molniya-M was the improved and long-serving four-stage member of the R-7-derived Molniya family. It used a Blok L upper stage to deliver communications, early-warning, scientific, lunar, and planetary payloads to high-energy trajectories from 1964 through 2010.
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Identity
- Aliases
- Molniya 8K78M8K78M
- Family Name
- Molniya-M
- Full Name
- Molniya-M launch vehicle
- Status
- retired
- Type
- rocket
Details
- Description
- Molniya-M was the improved and long-serving four-stage member of the R-7-derived Molniya family. It used a Blok L upper stage to deliver communications, early-warning, scientific, lunar, and planetary payloads to high-energy trajectories from 1964 through 2010.
- First Flight Year
- 1,964
- Last Flight Year
- 2,010
- Operator
- Parent Vehicle Family
- Propulsion Configurations
- Entries
- Count
- 4
- Placement
- booster
- Propulsion System
- Role
- booster
- Stage
- Blok B/V/G/D first stage
- Variant Notes
- Four RD-107-8D74 lateral booster engines; Molniya-M standard stack.
- Count
- 1
- Placement
- core
- Propulsion System
- Role
- main
- Stage
- Blok A second stage
- Variant Notes
- One RD-108-8D75 core engine; Molniya-M standard stack.
- Count
- 1
- Placement
- upper
- Propulsion System
- Role
- upper-stage
- Stage
- Blok I third stage
- Variant Notes
- One RD-0110; mission-specific Blok L fourth-stage propulsion is not modeled without an exact canonical identity.
- Name
- Molniya-M standard 8K78M stack
- Notes
- Source-backed Blok B/V/G/D, Blok A, and Blok I propulsion only; the optional mission-specific Blok L fourth-stage motor is intentionally omitted.
- Rocket Specs
- Reusability
- expendable
Links
- Wikipedia Url
- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molniya-M
Assets & Meta
- Creation Time
- July 13, 2026 at 08:40:57 UTC
- Updated Time
- August 1, 2026 at 18:45:27 UTC
- Image
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