The R-7 is the foundational Soviet and Russian launch-vehicle lineage developed from Sergei Korolev’s R-7 intercontinental ballistic missile. Its clustered core-and-four-booster architecture launched Sputnik 1 in 1957 and evolved through Sputnik, Luna, Vostok, Voskhod, Molniya, and Soyuz variants; modern Soyuz launch vehicles continue the lineage.