Tsyklon was a family of expendable Soviet and Ukrainian orbital launch vehicles derived from the R-36 missile by Yuzhnoye. The two-stage Tsyklon-2 began flight testing in 1967, while the three-stage Tsyklon-3 followed in 1977 and added an orbit-insertion upper stage. The family launched military, communications, navigation, scientific, and Earth-observation payloads from Baikonur and Plesetsk.