The Tupolev Tu-154 is a three-engine, swept-wing medium-range jet transport designed to replace several earlier Soviet airliner types with one faster, higher-capacity platform. Its rear-mounted engines, T-tail, and robust landing gear supported extensive service across the Soviet Union and later operators in Europe, Asia, Africa, and the Middle East. Successive A, B, and M versions improved weight, systems, range, and efficiency, while a small Tu-154S branch carried freight.
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