Vostok 3KA crewed spacecraft

Vostok 3KA was the flight-ready single-seat Soviet spacecraft family that culminated in the first six human orbital missions. Two uncrewed qualification spacecraft carrying dogs and instrumented mannequins flew successfully in March 1961 before six crewed vehicles flew from April 1961 through June 1963. The design paired a spherical descent module with an equipment module; on crewed flights the cosmonaut ejected during descent and landed under a personal parachute.