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Antenna Array

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N
λ
deg

Steering phase

-61.56 deg

main beam 20.0 deg

Approx. directivity

9.03 dBi

8 uniform isotropic elements

Half-power beamwidth

13.51 deg

first-null 30.49 deg

Grating lobes

Not visible

spacing 0.50 λ

Beam steering and array factor

8 elements · 0.50 λ

Element spacing and phase tilt the main lobe.

The sketch shows how element phase tilts the beam; the chart shows real sidelobes as gain peaks versus angle.

20.0 deg main beam, 9.03 dBi

broadsideSteered beam8 elements, d = 0.50 lambdaPhase ramp: -61.6 deg per element

Normalized array factor

0 dB is the main lobe peak

-3 dB beamwidth

13.51 deg

First-null beamwidth

30.49 deg

Visible grating lobes

not expected

No full-strength grating lobe is expected in the visible region.

Open Source and Easy to Use Elsewhere

This tool is open source and the underlying logic is fully transparent. You can inspect the code, understand the calculations, and contribute improvements. If you want to use the tool in your own website, course page, or learning platform, you can also embed it directly and start from a ready-made iframe setup for this exact tool.

Open source: review the implementation and see how the results are produced.

Embeddable: preview this tool, copy the iframe, and use it in your own site or LMS.